Definition of dissociation:
To understand what dissociation is, we have to deconstruct the French discourse of psychoanalysis (Freudian and Lacanian) in which we grew up. We have all been "bathed" by the terms "psychosis" and "neurosis".
However, to understand mental illnesses, it is imperative to get out of these obsolete and fallacious stereotypes since they do not refer to anything and do not correspond at all to the level of the globally recognized classification of mental illnesses.
This leads us to believe that there is "good madness" and "bad madness", "acceptable" madness and "dangerous" madness. And that scares the patient of being labeled and judged by society.
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The experience of what is called “dissociation” in everyday language is extremely widespread. The general population speaks of dissociation by encompassing many different ideas.
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The term dissociation can be used to talk about:
If you learn of a loved one's death that was brutal, you may have a dissociative episode. You will collapse to the ground, you will scream, you will act like a robot with the impression of coming out of your body and that someone else has taken the controls to carry out the formalities of the funeral ...
A hypnotized person as we see on television who acts and speaks without noticing and controlling it ...
As you drive, you roll and your thoughts wander. You might “wake up” at some point and not remember driving the entire trip as if someone else had taken over your body and driven your car for you…
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A person who eats compulsively will have dissociation, his body eats without being able to control itself and stop ... A person with anorexia or with OCD also.
A person with schizophrenia, bipolar or borderline, a person with PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) ... has dissociation.
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The dissociation can be:
An alteration of consciousness: absorption, hypnotic trance, reverie
A depersonalization / derealization
Hypoactivation (under activation) as a defense
A detachment
Dissociative identity disorder
A multiplicity / division
Dissociative amnesia
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In fact it depends on the point of view in which one places oneself. If we consider that in all psychiatric disorders, the origin of this psychopathology comes from a traumatic experience that could not be realized and integrated (the negative and deleterious life experiences) then there is dissociation in each one. of these troubles .
There are currently two kinds of theoretical and clinical conceptions of dissociation:
Dimensional conception : Dissociation is conceived as a defensive but also adaptive process. Piedford-Marin (2017, p. 102), “Watkins and Watkins consider ego states to lie on a continuum on which at one end there is adapted differentiation and at the other end pathological dissociation. "
Structural Design : Reserve the term "dissociation" to denote the existence of dissociative parts of the personality. The dissociation generated by the trauma involves a division of the individual's personality, that is, the dynamic biopsychosocial system as a whole which determines his characteristic mental and behavioral actions. The subsystems thus created are called “dissociative parts of the personality”.
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Please note, not all psychiatric disorders are dissociative disorders within the meaning of the DSM and the CIM! From a psychiatric point of view, the criteria are different.
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Dissociation is a traumatic experience that could not be realized and integrated, it differs from the psychiatric diagnosis made!
See for example the site:
http://www.psychomedia.qc.ca/dsm-5/2013-05-22/guide-psychomedia .