I strongly encourage you to read all of the articles. If you are wondering, if you think that "induced false memories" exist and are possible, at least take the time to read who the people behind this theory are, under what circumstances they came up with this theory and what is their research and their so-called syndrome worth ...
Another essential thing to know and that this "induced false memory syndrome" is NOT referenced in the 2 world-renowned textbooks on mental illness: The CIM (European) and the DSM (American). NO serious organization has recognized and validated this "syndrome".
History:
The term 'induced false memories', of American origin, False Memory Syndrome, was developed by Peter Freyd after he was privately accused of sexual abuse by his daughter. He will create with his wife the False Memory Syndrome Foundation (FMSF) in 1992 with the active support of the American psychologist Ralph Underwager, who had until then specialized in the defense of people accused of pedophilia (testifying more than 200 times in the press or during trials) criticizing openly child protection programs. In 1991 Ralph Underwager openly affirmed his pro-pedophile positions in an interview with the Dutch media Paidika: The Journal of Paedophilia. The public disclosure of this interview forced Underwager to resign from the False Memory Syndrome Foundation. "
What is an "induced false memory" according to those who support this theory?
"False Memory Syndrome, as called in the US and Anglo-Saxon countries, describes the memory of a traumatic experience that is objectively false but in which the person strongly believes.
The syndrome of false memories can be identified when it is not preceded by any memory of the same nature during the previous 20 - 30 or even 40 years and that it appears suddenly during or following “therapies” or “pseudo- therapies ”based on retrieving memories from early childhood, called recovered memory therapy (TMR) and profoundly altering judgment and personality in adult patients.
According to Larousse: a syndrome is a set of behaviors specific to a human group having undergone the same traumatic situation
According to Wikipedia: False memory syndrome is the memory of an event that never happened, or the altered memory of an actual event.
According to A F S I: False memories are fantasies that result from suggestion or auto-suggestion techniques fueled by quack therapists!
The practice of false memories is used by therapists who consider that all the existential problems encountered in their patients, (80% of whom are young women often aged over 30) are linked to trauma resulting from sexual violence occurring in their early childhood. If patients do not remember, they say they "hid" or "suppressed" the event.
The therapist then uses his power of suggestion and encourages the patient by different means: hypnosis - relaxation - guided imagery - interpretations of dreams - to relive these traumatic scenes in order to bring her, he says, to healing. The patient is then convinced that she has the explanation for her discomfort and accuses her parents of incest and abuse, thereby cutting off all relations with them.
There are several forms of false memories:
false memories of abuse,
false memories of incest,
false memories of past lives, often linked to shamanism. "
The False Memory foundation:
The False Memory Foundation was closed in December 2019:
Who are the founders or pillars of this syndrome?
Peter Freyd Mathematician, a father whose daughter Jennifer Freyd said he sexually abused him as a child:
Ralph Underwager a pro pedocriminality:
Underwager said :
“Paedophiles can boldly and courageously affirm what they choose. They can say that what they want is to find the best way to love. I am also a theologian and as a theologian, I believe it is God’s will that there be closeness and intimacy, unity of the flesh, between people. A paedophile can say: ‘This closeness is possible for me within the choices that I’ve made.’”
Elizabeth Loftus :
The different models supported by the proponents of induced false memories:
- The iatrogenic model: suggestible by therapists
Dissociation is said to be induced in suggestible, highly hypnotizable, fanciful patients by therapists who practice “memory recovery” therapies and implant false memories ◦ r
- The sociocognitive model: suggestible by the media
Severe dissociative disorders are said to develop in suggestible individuals in Western culture whose media emphasize sexual violence, "recovered memories" and "multiple personalities"
- The phantasmal model: fantasies
Dissociation would be a cognitive trait producing fantasies or confabulations of traumatic experiences
- The explanation of parasomnias: sleep disorders
Sleep disorders lead to dissociative phenomena, hallucinations, perceptual errors and unusual behavior; these disorders would lead to confusion and a belief in traumatic experiences in childhood
- The creation of false memories in the context of a given research has no predictive value: there is not enough evidence so assume that the brain is wrong
False memory tasks do not reliably predict other false memories. Patihis, LawrenceFrenda, Steven J. Loftus, Elizabeth F.
The conclusion of this study is that suggestibility to false memories is not a trait. Reversal of the usual suggestibility argument: "the ecological validity of memory distortion paradigms has not yet been sufficiently studied and does not allow reliance on their diagnostic use in research to predict susceptibility to memory distortion in other contexts. Clinicians would be better off assuming that their patients, regardless of their personality and even if they claim to have excellent memory, may be vulnerable to memory distortions. "
The scientific validity of research on induced false memories is called into question: Memory, Abuse, & Science: Questioning Claims about the False Memory Syndrome Epidemic by Pope, K. (1996).
Logical Fallacies and Ethical Breaches Lynn S. Crook & Martha C. Dean
The lack of evidence to support this theory:
Science as Careful Questioning: Are Claims of a False Memory Syndrome Epidemic Based on Empirical Evidence? Pope, K. (1997).
Crisis or Creation? A Systematic Examination of "False Memory Syndrome"
by Dallam, S. J. (2001)
The use in all sauces of the term "false memory":
There is no consensus in the literature on what is meant by "false claims", a term used to describe a range of phenomena involving children. According to Poole and Lamb (1998), the term should be reserved exclusively for cases where children explicitly make an allegation that is false, that is, when they claim to have been sexually abused even though it never happened. product. However, the term often encompasses situations in which parents or neighbors harbor suspicions which prove to be unfounded upon investigation or which are based on a misinterpretation of a child's comments or behavior, such as sexual violence was or was not alleged by the child. Obviously, the prevalence of the phenomenon varies depending on the definition used.
What's in a name for memory errors? Implications and ethical issues arising from the use of the label "false memory" for errors in memory for details. by DePrince, A.P., Allard, C.B., Oh, H., & Freyd, J.J. (2004)
A review of one of Loftus' "Bugs Bunny Study" studies:
According to which it is possible that strangers "implant" memories of bogus events in our brain (the presence of Bugs Bunny at Disneyland).
Commentary: Response to 17 February 2003 Media Reports on Loftus' Bugs Bunny Study
Jennifer J. Freyd, University of Oregon
A review of Loftus and Pickrel's "Lost in the mall" study that "people can be led to believe that whole events have happened to them after suggestions to that effect."
Deconstructing the lost in the mall study. Lynn S. Crook & Linda E. McEwen, 2019
Lost-in-the-mall: False memory or false defense? Ruth A. Blizard & Morgan Shaw, 2019
"Lost in a Shopping Mall" - A Breach of Professional Ethics Lynn S. Crook & Martha C. Dean
The study of the strategies put in place by rapists and their defenders:
The "False Memory" Defense: Using Disinformation and Junk Science in and out of Court by Whitfield, C. L. (2001).
For further :
Ground Lost: The False Memory/Recovered Memory Therapy Debate, 1999 Alan W. Scheflin
Confessions of a Whistle-Blower: Lessons Learned Anna C. Salter 2010
False Memories and Free Speech: Is Scientific Debate Being Suppressed? Bernice Andrews Chris R. Brewin 2016
Additional Questions about the Applicability of “False Memory” Research Kathryn Becker‐Blease Jennifer J. Freyd 2016
Creating Memories for False Autobiographical Events in Childhood: A Systematic Review
Un livre écrit par Jennifer Freyd :
Blind to Betrayal: Why We Fool Ourselves We Aren’t Being Fooled by Jennifer J. Freyd and Pamela J. Birrell (Wiley, 2013)
Middleton, W. (2013) Parent–Child Incest that Extends into Adulthood: A Survey of International Press Reports, 2007–2011, Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 14:2, 184-197, DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2013.724341
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